ABSTRACT
Introduction: Obesity increases triglyceride levels and decreases high-density lipoprotein concentrations in plasma. Artificial emulsions resembling lipidic plasma lipoprotein structures have been used to evaluate low-density lipoprotein metabolism. In grade III obesity, low density lipoprotein metabolism is poorly understood. Objective: To evaluate the kinetics with which a cholesterol-rich emulsion (called a low-density emulsion) binds to low-density lipoprotein receptors in a group of patients with grade III obesity by the fractional clearance rate. Methods: A low-density emulsion was labeled with [14C]-cholesterol ester and [³H]-triglycerides and injected intravenously into ten normolipidemic non-diabetic patients with grade III obesity [body mass index higher than 40 kg/m²] and into ten non-obese healthy controls. Blood samples were collected over 24 hours to determine the plasma decay curve and to calculate the fractional clearance rate. Results: There was no difference regarding plasma levels of total cholesterol or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol between the two groups. The fractional clearance rate of triglycerides was 0.086 ± 0.044 in the obese group and 0.122 ± 0.026 in the controls (p = 0.040), and the fractional clearance rate of cholesterol ester (h-1) was 0.052 ± 0.021 in the obese subjects and 0.058 ± 0.015 (p = 0.971) in the controls. Conclusion: Grade III obese subjects exhibited normal low-density lipoprotein removal from plasma as tested by the nanoemulsion method, but triglyceride removal was slower.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cholesterol, LDL/pharmacokinetics , Fat Emulsions, Intravenous/pharmacokinetics , Nanoparticles , Obesity/blood , Case-Control Studies , Fat Emulsions, Intravenous/administration & dosage , Fat Emulsions, Intravenous/chemistry , Nanoparticles/administration & dosageABSTRACT
Introducción: La alimentación parenteral (ALPAR) es muy usada en Pediatría en enfermos que no pueden recibir los aportes nutricionales requeridos por vía digestiva. Sin embargo, tiene riesgos de alteraciones físico-químicas y con ello, de complicaciones en el paciente. Objetivos: Comparar las prescripciones de ALPAR en Servicios de Pediatría y neonatología de 2 hospitales, en cuanto a las recomendaciones nutricionales y características de su administración en relación a las normas nacionales; describir el impacto de algunos factores ambientales que pueden afectar su estabilidad. Pacientes y Métodos: Se seleccionaron al azar 99 ALPAR aportadas a enfermos hospitalizados en Unidades Pediátricas y Neonatales de dos Hospitales públicos de Santiago, evaluándose su forma de administración e insumos utilizados por 24 horas. Se constataron algunas características fisicoquímicas: modificaciones en aspecto (observación directa), cambios de pH (pHmetro) y las temperaturas medioambientales por 24 h en forma continua mediante termómetro ambiental. Resultados: Las prescripciones de las ALPAR se ajustaron a las recomendaciones nutricionales. Hubo una variabilidad en los insumos usados en la administración de la ALPAR según Unidad y Hospital. Se observó mayores temperaturas ambientales en las Unidades de Neonatología (28,1 + - 1,7 ºC) en comparación a Pediatría (26,5 + - 1,4 ºC), sin una evidente asociación con alteraciones de su estabilidad. Conclusiones: Las ALPAR en hospitales públicos cumplen con los requerimientos nutricionales pediátricos; pero no existe uniformidad en la forma de administrarlas. Se requiere mejorar las guías nacionales respecto a su organización general, insumos utilizados y precauciones en cuanto a condiciones ambientales.
Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Humans , Food, Formulated/analysis , Food, Formulated/standards , Fat Emulsions, Intravenous/chemistry , Parenteral Nutrition/statistics & numerical data , Parenteral Nutrition/standards , Drug Stability , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Hospitals, Pediatric , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Nutritional Requirements , Chemical Phenomena , Prospective Studies , Seasons , TemperatureABSTRACT
We investigated the calcium and phosphate compatibility in three amino acid products: Aminoplasmal-paed, Aminovenos-N-pad, Moripron-F. The final TPN sample solution contained 10 per cent dextrose, 1-3 per cent amino acids, 4 mmol/L magnesium sulphate and various combinations of calcium gluconate and dipotassium phosphate. Precipitates and crystallization were inspected visually and microscopically after 24 hrs standing at room temperature. Calcium-phosphate solubility curve were drawn. Among the three amino acid products, Moripron-F gave the highest buffer capacity. These curves are extremely helpful to predict the compatibility of a calcium-phosphate dose in the TPN solution using these three amino acid products.